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海关总署公告2009年第58号

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海关总署公告2009年第58号

海关总署


海关总署公告2009年第58号


  为配合我国汽车产业政策的调整,经研究决定,自2009年9月1日起,《进口汽车零部件构成整车特征核定规则》(海关总署公告2005年第4号)予以废止。

  特此公告。





二○○九年八月三十一日


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省人民政府办公厅关于印发贵州省综合评标专家库管理办法的通知

贵州省人民政府办公厅


省人民政府办公厅关于印发贵州省综合评标专家库管理办法的通知



各自治州、市人民政府,各地区行署,各县(自治县、市、市辖区、特区)人民政府,省政府各部门、各直属机构:

  经省人民政府同意,现将《贵州省综合评标专家库管理办法》印发给你们,请结合实际,认真组织实施。


  二○一一年十月二十一日


  贵州省综合评标专家库管理办法

  第一章 总  则

  第一条 为了规范评标活动,实现跨部门、跨地区评标专家资源共享,保证评标结果的公平、公正,根据《中华人民共和国招标投标法》、《贵州省招标投标条例》、《评标专家和评标专家库管理暂行办法》等相关法律、法规和规章,特制定本办法。

  第二条 贵州省综合评标专家库组建、使用、管理及其评标专家的资格认定、管理适用本办法。

  第三条 省人民政府依法组建跨部门、跨地区的全省综合评标专家库(以下简称“省评标专家库”)。省发展改革委根据省人民政府授权,会同有关部门组建省评标专家库,并负责组织实施。

  省评标专家库中设立资深专家委员会,为省内重大、重点以及技术特别复杂、专业性特别强的项目提供评价、论证、咨询服务;为有关行政主管部门决策以及解决评标中出现的争端、技术难题或有关纠纷等提供帮助。

  第四条 成立贵州省综合评标专家库管理委员会(以下简称“省评管委”)。省评管委由省发展改革委、省监察厅、省科技厅、省经济和信息化委、省财政厅、省人力资源社会保障厅、省国土资源厅、省住房城乡建设厅、省交通运输厅、省水利厅、省商务厅、省政府法制办等部门派员组成。省评管委负责评标专家资格的认定、终止和取消;负责批准省评标专家库抽取终端的设立、变更、暂停和取消;协调和解决省评标专家库建设和使用过程中的重大问题。

  省评管委下设办公室(以下简称“省评管办”)。省评管办设在省发展改革委,具体负责省评标专家库的建设、使用和管理等相关事务性工作。

  第五条 省评标专家库由规划、投资策划与决策、勘察、设计、监理、工程造价、项目管理、工程施工、机械设备、医疗器械、金属材料、石油及其制品、煤炭煤层气及其制品、化工材料及其制品、建筑材料、药品、勘察与调查、公共咨询、经济管理、工商管理、金融、法律、修理、租赁、交通运输与物流、节能服务、高新技术服务等符合本办法规定条件的专家组成。按照国家颁布的《评标专家专业分类标准》进行分类设置。

  第二章 评标专家认定及权利义务

  第六条 入选省评标专家库的专家应符合下列条件:

  (一)能够公正、诚实、廉洁、认真地履行职责;

  (二)熟悉招标投标法律法规和相关业务知识;

  (三)从事相关专业领域工作满8年并具有高级职称或同等专业水平;

  (四)遵守职业道德,自觉接受监督;

  (五)身体健康,能胜任评标工作,年龄一般不超过70周岁(两院院士或享受政府特殊津贴者可不受此年龄限制);

  (六)未曾因在招标、评标以及其他与招标投标有关活动中从事违法违纪行为而受过行政处罚被取消评标资格;

  (七)未因犯罪受过刑事处罚。

  第七条 符合第六条规定条件的人员可以向其所属的行政主管部门或省评管委指定的受理部门提出申请并按规定报送相关材料。各行政主管部门对申请人报送的材料进行初审,确定评标专家候选人。省评管办负责初审材料的收集汇总,送省评管委认定。

  经省评管委审查符合条件的评标专家候选人,应当参加由省评管办统一组织或安排的招标投标法律法规和规章及评标技能、职业道德培训和考试。

  考试合格人员由省评管委颁发《贵州省人民政府评标专家资格证书》,纳入省评标专家库统一管理。

  第八条 评标专家的权利:

  (一)接受招标人或其委托的招标代理机构聘请,担任招标项目评标委员会成员;

  (二)依法按照招标文件确定的评标标准和方法对投标文件进行独立评审,不受任何单位或个人的干预,提出评审意见;

  (三)接受参加评标活动的合法劳务报酬;

  (四)查询与本人相关的评标抽取记录,可就有效期(6个月)内评标抽取记录的疑问要求有关行政监督部门、专家抽取终端解答;

  (五)对省评管委或省有关行政监督部门作出的处理决定申请复核;

  (六)法律、法规和规章规定的其他权利。评标专家所在单位应对评标专家参加培训和评标活动给予支持。

  第九条 评标专家的义务:

  (一)认真执行招投标法律、法规、规章和有关政策;

  (二)有本办法第十三条规定回避情形的,应主动提出回避;

  (三)按照资格预审文件确定的资格审查标准和方法,或招标文件确定的评标标准和方法,客观、公正、公平地对资格预审文件或投标文件进行系统的评审和比较,完成整个评审工作,对所提出的评审意见承担个人责任;

  (四)对评标过程及相关内容保密,不得透露与评标有关的信息;

  (五)准时出席资格审查或评标活动,严格遵守评标工作纪律;

  (六)不得私下接触投标人及其利害关系人,收受投标人财物或其他好处;

  (七)评标结束后应当在评标报告上签字,对评标结论持有异议而拒绝在评标报告上签字的,应当以书面方式阐述不同意见和理由;

  (八)向招标人或有关行政监督部门反映评标活动中发现的违法违规行为,积极协助配合有关行政监督部门的监督检查及投诉处理,解答评审工作中有关问题,并接受咨询和质疑;

  (九)自觉接受有关行政监督部门组织的法律法规和招标投标业务知识培训与考核;

  (十)个人基本信息发生变化时,及时书面告知所属行政主管部门和省评管办;

  (十一)法律、法规规定的其他义务。

  第三章 省评标专家库的使用

  第十条 在本省行政区域内使用国有资金投资且依法应当招标的项目,评标专家必须从省评标专家库中抽取,否则评标无效。

  国务院部委直接管理的项目对招投标另有规定的从其规定。

  使用国际组织或者外国政府贷款、援助资金的项目进行招标,贷款方、资金提供方对确定评标专家有不同规定的,可以适用其规定。

  省评标专家库内专家无法满足评标需要、报经有关行政监督部门备案,可从国家级评标专家库或其他省级评标专家库中抽取确定评标专家,抽取方法及程序从其规定。

  第十一条 评标专家应当采取随机抽取方式确定,并在开标前24小时内进行。

  参加评标活动的评标专家名单在中标结果确定前应当保密。

  第十二条 评标专家的抽取必须在有关行政监督部门的监督下进行。重大工程和重点项目评标专家的抽取,按项目审批权限在本级发展改革和行政监督部门的监督下进行。

  第十三条 有下列情形之一的,评标专家应主动提出回避,不得担任该项目的评标委员会成员:

  (一)投标人的在职工作人员,投标人负责人的近亲属,或过去3年内与投标人有工作关系的;

  (二)项目主管部门或行政监督部门的人员;

  (三)与投标人有利害关系,可能影响公正评标的。

  第十四条 省评标专家库抽取终端应具备以下条件:

  (一)有健全的省评标专家库抽取终端管理体系、工作流程、专家抽取保密制度和工作人员责任制度;

  (二)有经省评管办组织培训并经考核合格的专职管理、使用和维护人员,管理、使用和维护人员名单应当报省评管办备案;

  (三)具有相对封闭的评标专家抽取用房,配有计算机、打印机等抽取终端所需的硬件设备与网络运行环境。

  第十五条 省评标专家库抽取终端承担下列义务:

  (一)为本省行政区域内使用国有资金投资且依法应当招标项目的招标人或者其委托的招标代理机构免费提供评标专家抽取服务;

  (二)严格遵守有关评标专家抽取工作的保密规定;

  (三)按要求定期向省评管办报送相关信息,自觉接受行政监督部门的监督。

  第十六条 评标专家库抽取终端按照下列程序办理评标专家抽取事宜:

  (一)核验招标人营业执照或项目法人证书、经办人身份证件和授权委托书(招标代理机构办理评标专家抽取事宜的,核验招标代理机构的营业执照和委托代理协议),并留存复印件;核验经有关行政监督部门批准的《评标专家抽取申请表》,原件留存备查;

  (二)随机抽取并确定评标专家;

  (三)打印《贵州省评标专家库专家抽取结果记录表》一式两份,由招标人或招标代理机构代表、现场监督人员、抽取工作人员共同签字确认后,现场一份交招标人或其招标代理机构,另一份留存备查。

  招标人或者其招标代理机构未按要求提供上述核验材料或未在本办法第十一条规定时间内申请抽取评标专家的,抽取终端不得为其办理抽取事宜。

  第十七条 评标专家确定后,发生评标专家不能到场或需要回避等特殊情况的,由抽取终端记录不能到场原因,并进行补抽。

  第四章 监督管理

  第十八条 省评管委对评标专家实行动态管理,建立评标专家个人档案、继续教育和考核评价管理制度。

  评标专家的评标表现、业务水平、诚信记录,不良行为记录、被投诉次数及调查处理结果、继续教育及考核情况等,作为评标专家考评的依据。

  评标专家每届聘期3年,聘期届满,省评管委组织对其评标业绩、公正廉洁、诚信等进行一次全面综合考评,考评合格的,可以连聘。

  第十九条 招标投标行政监督部门应依照招标投标活动行政监督职责分工,加强对评标专家评标活动的监督,并将监督中发现的问题,查处情况和作出的处理决定以书面形式在5日内报省评管办,由其记入评标专家个人档案,并将处理决定进行公示。

  第二十条 评标专家有下列情形之一的,由省评管委终止其评标专家资格:

  (一)因身体健康原因不能胜任评标工作的;

  (二)因工作调动,不再适宜担任评标专家的;

  (三)因个人原因,经本人申请不再担任评标专家的。

  第二十一条 评标专家有下列情形之一,经行政监督部门确认,给予警告;情节严重的由省评管委取消其评标专家资格,并予以公告:

  (一)私下接触投标人、招标人,为其出谋划策谋取私利的;

  (二)非法收受所评标项目利害关系人的财物,或其他好处的;

  (三)向他人透露对投标文件的评审和比较、中标候选人的推荐以及与评标有关的其他情况的;

  (四)无正当理由拒不参加评标活动的;

  (五)在评标过程中擅离职守,影响评标程序正常进行,或者在评标过程中不能客观公正地履行职责的;

  有不按规定解答评标工作中有关问题、质疑等其他不履行评标专家义务行为的,给予通报批评,情节严重的由省评管委取消其评标专家资格。

  第二十二条 省评标专家库抽取终端存在下列情形之一的,由省评管委责令限期改正;情节严重或者逾期不改正的,可暂停或者取消其专家抽取终端资格,对直接负责的主管人员和有关人员依法进行处理:

  (一)对于符合条件的抽取申请予以拒绝的;

  (二)对符合本办法规定抽取条件,要求招标人或其招标代理机构支付抽取费用的;

  (三)利用职务之便收受招标人或招标代理机构财物、接受可能影响专家抽取的宴请、旅游或其他活动的;

  (四)违反本办法规定的抽取程序办理抽取事宜的;

  (五)中标结果确定前透露专家抽取有关信息的;

  (六)由未经培训和备案的人员负责专家抽取事宜的。

  第二十三条 评标专家库管理过程中,有关行政监督部门及

  其工作人员不依法履行职责的,应当依法予以处理。

  第五章 附  则

  第二十四条 本办法自下发之日起实施。

  本省行政区域内各地、各部门有关评标专家库管理、使用的规定与本办法不一致的,按照本办法执行。






中华人民共和国涉外经济合同法(附英文)

全国人民代表大会


中华人民共和国主席令(六届第22号)

《中华人民共和国涉外经济合同法》已由中华人民共和国第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议于1985年3月21日通过,现予公布,自1985年7月1日起施行。

中华人民共和国主席 李先念
1985年3月21日




中华人民共和国涉外经济合同法

(1985年3月21日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议通过 1985年3月21日中华人民共和国主席令第二十二号公布 自1985年7月1日起施行)

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保障涉外经济合同当事人的合法权益,促进我国对外经济关系的发展,特制定本法。
第二条 本法的适用范围是中华人民共和国的企业或者其他经济组织同外国的企业和其他经济组织或者个人之间订立的经济合同(以下简称合同)。但是,国际运输合同除外。
第三条 订立合同,应当依据平等互利、协商一致的原则。
第四条 订立合同,必须遵守中华人民共和国法律,并不得损害中华人民共和国的社会公共利益。
第五条 合同当事人可以选择处理合同争议所适用的法律。当事人没有选择的,适用与合同有最密切联系的国家的法律。
在中华人民共和国境内履行的中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同,适用中华人民共和国法律。
中华人民共和国法律未作规定的,可以适用国际惯例。
第六条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的与合同有关的国际条约同中华人民共和国法律有不同规定的,适用该国际条约的规定。但是,中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。
第二章 合同的订立
第七条 当事人就合同条款以书面形式达成协议并签字,即为合同成立。通过信件、电报、电传达成协议,一方当事人要求签订确认书的,签订确认书时,方为合同成立。
中华人民共和国法律、行政法规规定应当由国家批准的合同,获得批准时,方为合同成立。
第八条 合同订明的附件是合同的组成部分。
第九条 违反中华人民共和国法律或者社会公共利益的合同无效。
合同中的条款违反中华人民共和国法律或者社会公共利益的,经当事人协商同意予以取消或者改正后,不影响合同的效力。
第十条 采取欺诈或者胁迫手段订立的合同无效。
第十一条 当事人一方对合同无效负有责任的,应当对另一方因合同无效而遭受的损失负赔偿责任。
第十二条 合同一般应当具备以下条款:
一、合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业所或者住所;
二、合同签订的日期、地点;
三、合同的类型和合同标的的种类、范围;
四、合同标的的技术条件、质量、标准、规格、数量;
五、履行的期限、地点和方式;
六、价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附带的费用;
七、合同能否转让或者合同转让的条件;
八、违反合同的赔偿和其他责任;
九、合同发生争议时的解决方法;
十、合同使用的文字及其效力。
第十三条 合同应当视需要约定当事人对履行标的承担风险的界限;必要时应当约定对标的的保险范围。
第十四条 对于需要较长期间连续履行的合同,当事人应当约定合同的有效期限,并可以约定延长合同期限和提前终止合同的条件。
第十五条 当事人可以在合同中约定担保。担保人在约定的担保范围内承担责任。
第三章 合同的履行和违反合同的责任
第十六条 合同依法成立,即具有法律约束力。当事人应当履行合同约定的义务,任何一方不得擅自变更或者解除合同。
第十七条 当事人一方有另一方不能履行合同的确切证据时,可以暂时中止履行合同,但是应当立即通知另一方;当另一方对履行合同提供了充分的保证时,应当履行合同。当事人一方没有另一方不能履行合同的确切证据,中止履行合同的,应当负违反合同的责任。
第十八条 当事人一方不履行合同或者履行合同义务不符合约定条件,即违反合同的,另一方有权要求赔偿损失或者采取其他合理的补救措施。采取其他补救措施后,尚不能完全弥补另一方受到的损失的,另一方仍然有权要求赔偿损失。
第十九条 当事人一方违反合同的赔偿责任,应当相当于另一方因此所受到的损失,但是不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的损失。
第二十条 当事人可以在合同中约定,一方违反合同时,向另一方支付一定数额的违约金;也可以约定对于违反合同而产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。
合同中约定的违约金,视为违反合同的损失赔偿。但是,约定的违约金过分高于或者低于违反合同所造成的损失的,当事人可以请求仲裁机构或者法院予以适当减少或者增加。
第二十一条 当事人双方都违反合同的,应当各自承担相应的责任。
第二十二条 当事人一方因另一方违反合同而受到损失的,应当及时采取适当措施防止损失的扩大;没有及时采取适当措施致使损失扩大的,无权就扩大的损失要求赔偿。
第二十三条 当事人一方未按期支付合同规定的应付金额或者与合同有关的其他应付金额的,另一方有权收取迟延支付金额的利息。计算利息的方法,可以在合同中约定。
第二十四条 当事人因不可抗力事件不能履行合同的全部或者部分义务的,免除其全部或者部分责任。
当事人一方因不可抗力事件不能按合同约定的期限履行的,在事件的后果影响持续的期间内,免除其迟延履行的责任。
不可抗力事件是指当事人在订立合同时不能预见、对其发生和后果不能避免并不能克服的事件。
不可抗力事件的范围,可以在合同中约定。
第二十五条 当事人一方因不可抗力事件不能履行合同的全部或者部分义务的,应当及时通知另一方,以减轻可能给另一方造成的损失,并应在合理期间内提供有关机构出具的证明。
第四章 合同的转让
第二十六条 当事人一方将合同权利和义务的全部或者部分转让给第三者的,应当取得另一方的同意。
第二十七条 中华人民共和国法律、行政法规规定应当由国家批准成立的合同,其权利和义务的转让,应当经原批准机关批准。但是,已批准的合同中另有约定的除外。
第五章 合同的变更、解除和终止
第二十八条 经当事人协商同意后,合同可以变更。
第二十九条 有下列情形之一的,当事人一方有权通知另一方解除合同:
一、另一方违反合同,以致严重影响订立合同所期望的经济利益;
二、另一方在合同约定的期限内没有履行合同,在被允许推迟履行的合理期限内仍未履行;
三、发生不可抗力事件,致使合同的全部义务不能履行;
四、合同约定的解除合同的条件已经出现。
第三十条 对于包含几个相互独立部分的合同,可以依据前条的规定,解除其中的一部分而保留其余部分的效力。
第三十一条 有下列情形之一的,合同即告终止:
一、合同已按约定条件得到履行;
二、仲裁机构裁决或者法院判决终止合同;
三、双方协商同意终止合同。
第三十二条 变更或者解除合同的通知或者协议,应当采用书面形式。
第三十三条 中华人民共和国法律、行政法规规定应当由国家批准成立的合同,其重大变更应当经原批准机关批准,其解除应当报原批准机关备案。
第三十四条 合同的变更、解除或者终止,不影响当事人要求赔偿损失的权利。
第三十五条 合同约定的解决争议的条款,不因合同的解除或者终止而失去效力。
第三十六条 合同约定的结算和清理条款,不因合同的解除或者终止而失去效力。
第六章 争议的解决
第三十七条 发生合同争议时,当事人应当尽可能通过协商或者通过第三者调解解决。
当事人不愿协商、调解的,或者协商、调解不成的,可以依据合同中的仲裁条款或者事后达成的书面仲裁协议,提交中国仲裁机构或者其他仲裁机构仲裁。
第三十八条 当事人没有在合同中订立仲裁条款,事后又没有达成书面仲裁协议的,可以向人民法院起诉。
第七章 附 则
第三十九条 货物买卖合同争议提起诉讼或者仲裁的期限为四年,自当事人知道或者应当知道其权利受到侵犯之日起计算。其他合同争议提起诉讼或者仲裁的期限由法律另行规定。
第四十条 在中华人民共和国境内履行、经国家批准成立的中外合资经营企业合同、中外合作经营企业合同、中外合作勘探开发自然资源合同,在法律有新的规定时,可以仍然按照合同的规定执行。
第四十一条 本法施行之日前成立的合同,经当事人协商同意,可以适用本法。
第四十二条 国务院依据本法制定实施细则。
第四十三条 本法自1985年7月1日起施行。


LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON ECONOMIC CONTRACTSINVOLVING FOREIGN INTEREST

Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON ECONOMIC CONTRACTS
INVOLVING FOREIGN INTEREST
(Adopted at the Tenth Session of the Standing Committee of the
Sixth National People's Congress, promulgated by Order No. 22 of the
President of the People's Republic of China on March 21, 1985, and
effective as of July 1, 1985)

Contents

Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II The Conclusion of Contracts
Chapter III The Performance of Contracts and Liability for Breach of
Contract
Chapter IV The Assignment of Contracts
Chapter V The Modification, Rescission and Termination of Contracts
Chapter VI The Settlement of Disputes
Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1
This Law is formulated with a view to protecting the lawful rights and
interests of the parties to Chinese-foreign economic contracts and
promoting the development of China's foreign economic relations.
Article 2
This Law shall apply to economic contracts concluded between enterprises
or other economic organizations of the People's Republic of China and
foreign enterprises, other economic organizations or individuals.
(hereinafter referred to as "contracts"). However, this provision shall
not apply to international transport contracts.
Article 3
Contracts shall be concluded according to the principle of equality and
mutual benefit and the principle of achieving agreement through
consultation.
Article 4
In concluding a contract, the parties must abide by the law of the
People's Republic of China and shall not harm the public interest of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 5
The parties to a contract may choose the proper law applicable to the
settlement of contract disputes. In the absence of such a choice by the
parties, the law of the country which has the closest connection with the
contract shall apply. The law of the People's Republic of China shall
apply to contracts that are to be performed within the territory of the
People's Republic of China, namely contracts for Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures, Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures and Chinese-
foreign cooperative exploration and development of natural resources. For
matters that are not covered in the law of the People's Republic of China,
international practice shall be followed.
Article 6
Where an international treaty which is relevant to a contract, and to
which the People's Republic of China is a contracting party or a
signatory, has provided differently from the law of the People's Republic
of China, the provisions of the international treaty shall prevail, with
the exception of those clauses on which the People's Republic of China has
declared reservation.

Chapter II The Conclusion of Contracts

Article 7
A contract shall be formed as soon as the parties to it have reached a
written agreement on the terms and have signed the contract. If an
agreement is reached by means of letters, telegrams or telex and one party
requests a signed letter of confirmation, the contract shall be formed
only after the letter of confirmation is signed. Contracts which are
subject to the approval of the state, as provided for by the laws or
administrative regulations of the People's Republic of China, shall be
formed only after such approval is granted.
Article 8
Appendices specified in a contract shall be integral parts of the
contract.
Article 9
Contracts that violate the law or the public interest of the People's
Republic of China shall be void.
In case any terms in a contract violate the law or the public interest of
the People's Republic of China, the validity of the contract shall not be
affected if such terms are cancelled or modified by the parties through
consultations.
Article 10
Contracts that are concluded by means of fraud or duress shall be void.
Article 11
A party which is responsible for the invalidity of a contract shall be
liable for the losses suffered by the other party as a result of the
contracts becoming invalid.
Article 12
A contract shall, in general, contain the following terms:
(1) the corporate or personal names of the contracting parties and their
nationalities and principal places of business or domicile;
(2) the date and place of the signing of the contract;
(3) the type of contract and the kind and scope of the object of the
contract;
(4) The technical conditions, quality, standard, specifications and
quantity of the object of the contract;
(5) the time limit, place and method of performance;
(6) the price, amount and method of payment, and various incidental
charges;
(7) whether the contract is assignable and, if it is, the conditions for
its assignment;
(8) liability to pay compensation and other liabilities for breach of
contract;
(9) the ways for settling contract disputes; and
(10) the language(s) in which the contract is to be written and its
validity.

Article 13
So far as it may require, a contract shall provide for the limits of the
risks to be borne by the parties in performing the object; if necessary,
it shall provide for the coverage of insurance for the object.
Article 14
Where a contract needs to be performed continuously over a long period,
the parties shall set a period of validity for the contract and may also
stipulate conditions for its extension and its termination before its
expiry.
Article 15
In the contract the parties may agree to provide a guaranty. The guarantor
shall be held liable within the agreed scope of guaranty.

Chapter III The Performance of Contracts and Liability for Breach of Contract

Article 16
A contract shall be legally bindings as soon as it is established in
accordance with the law. The parties shall perform their obligations
stipulated in the contract. No party shall unilaterally modify or rescind
the contract.
Article 17
A party may temporarily suspend its performance of the contract if it has
conclusive evidence that the other party is unable to perform the
contract. However, it shall immediately inform the other party of such
suspension. It shall perform the contract if and when the other party
provides a sure guarantee for performance of the contract. If a party
suspends performance of the contract without conclusive evidence of the
other party's inability to perform the contract, it shall be liable for
breach of contract.
Article 18
If a party fails to perform the contract or its performance of the
contractual obligations does not conform to the agreed terms. which
constitutes a breach of contract, the other party is entitled to claim
damages or demand other reasonable remedial measures. If the losses
suffered by the other party cannot be completely made up after the
adoption of such remedial measures, the other party shall still have the
right to claim damages.
Article 19
The liability of a party to pay compensation for the breach of a contract
shall be equal to the loss suffered by the other party as a consequence of
the breach. However, such compensation may not exceed the loss which the
party responsible for the breach ought to have foreseen at the time of the
conclusion of the contract as a possible consequence of a breach of
contract.
Article 20
The parties may agree in a contract that, if one party breaches the
contract, it shall pay a certain amount of breach of contract damages to
the other party; they may also agree upon a method for calculating the
damages resulting from such a breach. The breach of contract damages as
stipulated in the contract shall be regarded as compensation for the
losses resulting from breach of contract. However, if the contractually
agreed breach of contract damages are far more or far less than is
necessary to compensate for the losses resulting from the breach, the
party concerned may request an arbitration body or a court to reduce or
increase them appropriately.

Article 21
If both parties breach the contract, each shall be commensurately liable
for the breach of contract that is its responsibility.
Article 22
A party which suffers losses resulting from a breach of contract by the
other party shall promptly take appropriate measures to prevent the losses
from becoming severer. If the losses are aggravated as a result of its
failure to adopt appropriate measures, it shall not be entitled to claim
compensation for the aggravated part of the losses.
Article 23
If a party fails to pay on time any amount stipulated as payable in the
contract or any other amount related to the contract that is payable, the
other party is entitled to interest on the amount in arrears. The method
for calculating the interest may be specified in the contract.
Article 24
If a party is prevented from performing all or part of its obligations
owing to force majeure, it shall be relieved of all or part of its
obligations.
If a party cannot perform its obligations within the contractually agreed
time limit owing to force majeure, it shall be relieved of the liability
for delayed performance during the aftereffect of the event.
Force majeure means an event that the parties could not have foreseen at
the time of conclusion of the contract, both parties being unable to
either avoid or overcome its occurrence and consequences.
The scope of force majeure may be specified in the contract.
Article 25
The party which fails to perform wholly or in part its contractual
obligations owing to force majeure shall promptly inform the other party
so as to mitigate possible losses inflicted on the other party, and shall
also provide a certificate issued by the relevant agency within a
reasonable period of time.

Chapter IV The Assignment of Contracts

Article 26
When a party assigns, wholly or in part, its contractual rights and
obligations to a third party, it must obtain the consent of the other
party.
Article 27
In the case of a contract which, according to the laws or administrative
regulations of the People's Republic of China, is to be formed with the
approval of the state, the assignment of the contractual rights and
obligations shall be subject to the approval of the authority which
approved the contract, unless otherwise stipulated in the approved
contract.

Chapter V The Modification, Rescission and Termination of Con- tracts

Article 28
A contract may be modified if both parties agree through consultation.
Article 29
A party shall have the right to notify the other party that a contract is
rescinded in any of the following situations:
(1) if the other party has breached the contract, thus adversely affecting
the economic benefits they expected to receive at the time of the
conclusion of the contract;
(2) if the other party fails to perform the contract within the time limit
agreed upon in the contract, and again fails to perform it within the
reasonable period of time allowed for delayed performance;
(3) if all the obligations under the contract cannot be performed owing to
force majeure; or
(4) if the contractually agreed conditions for the rescission of the
contract are present.
Article 30
For a contract consisting of several independent parts, some may be
rescinded according to the provisions of the preceding article while the
other parts remain valid.
Article 31
A contract shall be terminated in any one of the following situations:
(1) if the contract has already been performed in accordance with the
agreed terms;
(2) if an arbitration body or a court has decided that the contract shall
be terminated; or
(3) if the parties agree through consultation to terminate the contract.
Article 32
Notices or agreements on the modification or rescission of contracts shall
be made in writing.
Article 33
In the case of a contract which, according to the laws or administrative
regulations of the People's Republic of China, is to be established with
the approval of the state, any significant modification of the contract
shall be subject to the approval of the authority which approved the
contract, and the rescission of the contract shall be filed with the same
authority for the record.
Article 34
The modification, rescission or termination of a contract shall not affect
the rights of the parties to claim damages.
Article 35
The contractually agreed terms for the settlement of disputes shall not
become invalid because of the rescission or termination of a contract.

Article 36
The contractually agreed terms for the settlement of accounts and
liquidation of a contract shall not become invalid because of the
rescission or termination of the contract.

Chapter VI The Settlement of Disputes

Article 37
If disputes over a contract develop, the parties shall, as far as
possible, settle them through consultation, or through mediation by a
third party.
If the parties are unwilling to settle their dispute through consultation
or mediation, or if consultation or mediation proves unsuccessful, they
may, in accordance with the arbitration clause provided in the contract or
a written arbitration agreement reached by the parties afterwards, submit
the dispute to a Chinese arbitration body or any other arbitration body
for arbitration.
Article 38
If no arbitration clause is provided in the contract, and a written
arbitration agreement is not reached afterwards, the parties may bring
suit in a people's court.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 39
The time limit for filing suit or applying for arbitration in a dispute
over a contract for the purchase and sale of goods shall be four years,
counting from the day when the party was aware or ought to have been aware
of its rights' being infringed upon. The time limit for filing suit or
applying for arbitration in a dispute over any other contract shall be
stipulated separately by law.
Article 40
If new legal provisions are formulated while contracts for Chinese-foreign
equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures, or
Chinese-foreign cooperative exploration and development of natural
resources, which have been concluded with the approval of the state, are
being performed within the territory of the People's Republic of China,
the performance may still be based on the terms of the contracts.
Article 41
This Law may apply to contracts concluded before it goes into effect if
this is agreed to by the parties through consultation.
Article 42
The State Council shall, in accordance with this Law, formulate rules for
its implementation.
Article 43
This Law shall go into effect on July 1, 1985.



1985年3月21日